EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE FROM THE BIG BANG BEFORE THE BIG RIP OR A BRIEF EXCURSION IN THE HISTORY OF COSMOLOGY AND SOLAR SYSTEM COSMOGONY: FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY. PART III. COSMOLOGICAL MODELS XX-XXI CENTURIES

This work continues a series of four articles, which are a brief excursion into the history cosmology and
cosmogony of the Solar System, covering the time scale – from the most ancient times up to the present
day. The release of this cycle is dedicated to the 135-th anniversary of the birth of the world-famous Russian
scientist Fridman A. A., the founder of modern physical cosmology and the author of the first non-stationary
model of the Universe. This article is devoted to a review of the most significant examples of cosmological
models of the Universe in the XX-XXI centuries. In particular, we consider here the main cosmological
paradoxes of the XIX-XX centuries, which became ¾catalysts¿ in the construction of fundamentally new
cosmological models based on Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. A brief review is given of the first
relativistic model of the Universe by A. Einstein, non-stationary models of the Universe by A. Friedmann,
the model of the singular Universe by J. Lemaitre, the concept of the Big Bang by G. Gamow, the model of
the large-scale structure of the Universe by Y. Zeldovich, the Inflationary model of the Universe by A. Guth
and A. Linde. A separate paragraph represents the modern picture of the Universe evolution in cosmology,
taking into account its accelerated expansion and the role of dark energy. In particular, the chronology of
the main stages of the Universe evolution in the past is presented. It also considers the two most relevant
scenarios for the possible future of our Universe: the scenario of uniform expansion of the Universe with
constant dark energy and the scenario of accelerated expansion of the Universe followed by a Big Rip.