QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BASIC PROPERTIES POSSIBLE SOURCES OF INTERNAL ENERGY OF THE GIANT PLANETS. CALCULATION OF THE CHANGES RATES OF THEIR MAIN PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DUE TO GRAVITATIONAL COMPRESSION

This paper presents a brief overview of the giant planets main properties. A separate paragraph is devoted
to a strict mathematical proof of the internal energy sources existence in the giant planets. An original
method for determining the position of the energy balance surface in the planet’s atmosphere is proposed.
Using the Earth as an example, it is shown that such a surface is located in a small neighborhood of the
troposphere point where its average temperature is reached in the pressure range of 0, 1 ÷ 1, 0 atm. The
existence of internal energy sources at least for three giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune) is strictly
mathematically proven. The its power is comparable to or even exceeds the total power of electromagnetic
radiation received by them from the Sun. The values of the internal energy sources power for the given
planets and their fractions from solar radiation power are calculated. It is shown that Jupiter has the most
powerful source (4, 284+0,685
−0,792) · 1017 W, which is 56, 77+15,66
−14,90% of the solar radiation power. Saturn has the
highest value (124, 6+23,97
−22,75%) of the fraction. Four possible sources of internal energy of a massive body are
considered. It is demonstrated that in the case of Jupiter and Saturn, the main source of internal energy
can only be gravitational compression. In the case of ice giants, such a source can also be radioactive decays
of heavy elements in their cores. The the current values calculation of the rates of the planets radii and
their other characteristics, caused by their two possible sources, is performed. It has been shown, under
certain conditions, the ice giants bodies can have not only compression, but even expansion!