No 1 (18) (2021)

The purpose of this work is to find out the latest environmentally driven innovations in aircraft industry. The main reason for designing new types of aircraft is ecological problems. In the article the latest damage free concepts are shown.

This article presents the results of studying the distribution in the territory of Krasnosamarskoye forestry in three biotopes (pine forest, mixed forest and open spaces) of some species of mammals: red fox, common squirrel, European hare, wild boar, Siberian roe deer. It was noted that fox tracks were found in all studied biotopes, mainly in the pine forest. In the pine forest, traces of the common squirrel were also noted. Wild boar and Siberian roe deer prefer mixed forest with sparse areas. Brown hare tracks were found in all biotopes, but the largest number of them was seen in open forest areas. Data on the dynamics of the number of mammals in the snowy period from January to March 2021 are also presented.

The article is dedicated to the study of the effect of amitriptyline on the functional state of an isolated frog’s heart. Cardiac rate, stroke volume, and volume of the heart per minute were determined in course of the work. The study revealed that amitriptyline hydrochloride has a negative effect on the functional state of the frog’s heart, reducing cardiac rate, ventricular ejection and volume of the heart per minute. Possible mechanisms of the substance effect on myocardial contractile function are represented.

The aim of this study is to reveal the peculiarities of rearing chicks and rehabilitation of adults of the black swift (Apus apus) in captivity. In the process, we used a Lumme lu-1340 kitchen scale. As a result of the work, scientific and methodological recommendations were given for the rearing of black swift chicks in captivity, and the features of the rehabilitation of adults for subsequent release into nature were emphasized. The effectiveness of the work consists in identifying the peculiarities of rearing chicks and rehabilitation of adults of the Black Swift.

In this paper, we numerically study the propagation of classical Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams and three-index LG beams. The LG modes are the higher-order modes in contrast the Gaussian modes, which are the fundamental modes and have simpler intensity profile. We get the intensity and the phase distribution of the beams to visualize their structure during propagation. The propagation of beams in free space is modeled using the Fresnel transform, and the input field image distribution in the rear focal plane of the lens is modeled using the Fourier transform. The results proved that the standard LG beams preserve their structure up to a scale. Three-index LG beam structure was studied as well.

In 2022, it will be exactly one hundred years since the end of the Civil War – a difficult test for the inhabitants of the former Russian Empire. But, according to archival documents, the war years were marked not only by destruction. The article considers the circumstances of the restoration of the Alexander (Syzran) bridge over the Volga River in the period from October 1918 to March 1919. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the living conditions of builders: engineers, workers, employees - against the background of the Civil War in Russia with its accompanying social disunity, economic decline, famine in a number of areas, epidemiological diseases such as typhus and cholera. A characteristic feature of that time was the simultaneous management of the object's activities by several departments: specialized, military, and political, which did not always agree on practical issues, which was reflected in the documents concerning the restoration of the Alexander Bridge. Attention is drawn to the thoroughness.

Author analyzes the conditions in which the formation of the system of journalistic professional education in the USSR took place in the late 1920s - the first half of the 1930s, reveals the goals of creating in the Kuibyshev region in 1935 the Communist Institute of Journalism named after A. V.M. Molotov (KIZ), who played a crucial role in training workers for the party press.

This article is motivated to analyze the transformation of Soviet legislation in relation to religion, which allows us to study the historical context of the problem and identify the main stages in the adoption of new laws by Soviet society on the way to the formation of a secular state.

The study of the issues of freedom of conscience and religion from a legal point of view allows us to bring historical research to an interdisciplinary level and to identify a special discourse in the relations between the government and society, religion and atheism, the law and everyday life.

The findings of the research illustrate the complex process of transforming the human personality in the new conditions of the communist paradigm, the desire to make the state secular and free from religious traditions with the help of legislation and the apparatus of coercion. It went against the real popular religiosity, complex contradictions within each individual person and everyday habits.

The researches underlines the importance of this problems. Undoubtedly, the gradual change of legislation in Soviet Russia and the identification of its own characteristics for each historical period will allow us to understand how the formation of a secular state in the USSR took place.

The article is devoted to the analysis of a promising direction of historical research - the development of the military-industrial complex of the Kuibyshev region after the Great Patriotic War. The article provides a brief overview of the works analyzing the issues of the functioning of the region's military production during the war years, which became the prerequisites for creating a line of research on the post-war development of the region's military industry. The degree of study of the indicated problems in generalizing works devoted to both the history of the entire military-industrial complex of the USSR and the history of the Samara (Kuibyshev) region in the XX century is considered. The directions of special research, touching upon the development of certain branches of the military production of the Kuibyshev region after the Great Patriotic War, are determined.

The United States recognized the Russian Federation as the successor to the Soviet Union and established diplomatic relations on December 31, 1991. Since then, relations continue to exist until today, but fraught with challenges. Each blames the other of interference in internal political activities ranging from election interference, cyber security, regime change etc. These challenges continue to muddy relations between the two countries and provide no path to restoration. Rising global challenges are the reality that the world faces. To defeat this, there is the need for global cooperation. Over the years cooperation between the two countries have brought growth and stability. Thus, in the phase of these rising global challenges, this study examines contemporary relations between the US-Russian and provide three reasons for the need to improve relations and concludes that departure from repairing relations may not only impact the two countries, but global security and stability.  

Keywords: US-Russia Relations, global security, cooperation

This research paper presents a method that allows automated code analysis in the PYTHON programming language, for violations of the basic programming paradigm – "the inadmissibility of code duplication.

Moderne energieintensive ausländische Technologien und das Fehlen von inländischen Technologien zur Herstellung von Aluminium-Erbium-Ligatur, die physikalische und mechanische Eigenschaften von Aluminiumlegierungen verbessern könnten, machen es relevant, eine Methode der aluminiumthermischen Rückgewinnung von Erbiumverbindungen aus Chlorid-Fluorid-Schmelzen zu entwickeln.

In dieser Arbeit wird eine analytische Übersicht verschiedener Verfahren zur Herstellung von Al-Er Ligatur gemacht. Diese Ligatur gilt als vielversprechender Zusatzstoff für Aluminiumlegierungen, der ihre physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften verbessern kann. Es werden auch einige Nachteile verschiedener Herstellungsmethoden der Al-Er-Ligatur analysiert und dargestellt.

In this work modern methods of electrical energy production by nuclear fission (fusion) and other possible energy sources used in space missions are studied. A conclusion on the necessity of nuclear energy development, in particular, direct conversion of nuclear energy into electrical energy is made. Alternative methods of producing energy as a result of nuclear reactions without using cooling circuit and turbine are considered and studied.  Methods using kinetic energy of reaction product, direct collecting of charge carriers, inductive scheme of energy conversion and modern possibilities of using nanomaterials are pointed out. The necessity of developing direct energy conversion for space exploration is explained.

The article reveals the essence of the concept of "entrepreneurial potential" from the standpoint of the existentialist-probabilistic method of cognition. The article shows the difference between this concept and other concepts of entrepreneurial potential based on the classical philosophical tradition. The role of objectively acting external factors and consciously formed impact on economic entities that create incentives for entrepreneurial activity (in addition to internal personal motives of entrepreneurs who realize their creative abilities, value attitudes) in identifying and using the opportunities of entrepreneurial potential is emphasized. The tasks of the sociologist's research in the field of studying the foundations of the formation and use of entrepreneurial potential are determined.

The article describes the preconditions for establishment and continuity of Alfred Shutz’s ideas in developing phenomenological sociology. They are considered in the broad methodological context of modernist paradigm of European social knowledge. This paper describes topics arrangement Shutz’s ideas, located at the crossing sociological and phenomenological ways of thinking. Special attention is paid to analysis of Alfred Shutz’s theoretical forerunners, whose aspects of theories were incorporated into his works. The article cover historical, social and intellectual context of A. Shutz’s works. Major methods of this article are comperly-contrastive and analytical. The main conclusion relates to rationale that A. Shutz’s ideas are located in the middle of social knowledge.

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the voltage-current characteristics (VAC) of photosensitive structures with porous silicon before and after exposure to X-ray radiation was performed. The elements were manufactured according to the same technological route, were exposed to X-ray radiation with a power of 6.9 keV. According to the results of the experiment, after exposure to X-ray radiation, the short-circuit current and the output power increase from 2 to 4 times.

In the present work, a new model of an elementary anti-fog lattice is formulated. An exact analytical
solution for the electric field of a rectangular flat plate is obtained in terms of elementary functions with
using of superposition principle. The problem of induced dipole moment determining for a water drop
has been solved. It is shown that this parameter is proportional to the external electric field and the
valume of the droplet. The forces of interactions of a drop with an external field and two drops with
each other have been calculatied. The answer is presented in the most general form. The problem of
determination of the rates for coagulation and scaterring of fog drops in the electric field of the lattice
in the one-dimensional case has been solved. The dependences of the electric field and its first and
second derivatives are represented as functuions of the coordinate of the observation point. It is shown
that the curves corresponding to these functions have mirror symmetry with respect to the geometric
center of the lattice. The curves of dependences of droplet accelerations under an external field and an
electric field of a neighboring droplet have been presented. It is shown that for fogs existing in nature,
the acceleration mechanism their drops by an external field in the direction of the lattice plates will be
the main mechanism for scattering of fog. A detailed numerical analysis of the kinematics of droplet
motion in an electric field has been carried out. It is shown that the acceleration of the droplet and
its dipole moment reach maximum values at the surface of the plates. The full scattering time of fog
drops between plates of the lattice does not exceed 8,5 hours. The lattice can be used on motorways,
runways of medium size for effective scattering of fog.