No 1 (16) (2020)

The paper investigates the possibility of using the aerodynamic quality of the return first stage of the launch vehicle to correct the position of the landing point along the descent route of the stage. To control the angular motion of the stage relative to the incoming flow, gas-jet nozzles are used, that utilize gasified fuel residues in the fuel tanks of the first stage. The motion equations of the inplane motion of the stage are constructed. The first stage is considered as a point of a variable mass moving under the action of the aerodynamic forces. Using the developed model, the motion of the return first stage of the launch vehicle at different angles of attack before switching on the deceleration thruster is analyzed and the displacement of the landing point along the descent route at non-zero angles of attack is determined.

In the work, the parameters of the rotational motion of the flight and prototypes of the small spacecraft "Aist" were simulated. At the first stage of operation, when the battery is working, the simulation was carried out according to the data of standard measuring instruments - magnetometers. The estimation of motion parameters is carried out according to the data on the current from solar panels. The results of this assessment are compared with those obtained from magnetometer data and those of other authors. At the second stage of operation, after the degradation of the battery, the assessment is carried out only according to the data on the current from the solar panels. Conclusions are made about the nature of the rotational motion of the flight and prototypes of the small spacecraft "Aist".

Weight is one of the key parameters of space rocket constructions. Its decrease allows increasing the mass of the payload. Significant weight reduction can be achieved by using composite materials (CM), which have high strength characteristics and low density. The development of missile compartments of large diameters is associated with the use of special types of constructions that allow absorbing high loads compared to traditional missiles loads. One of such design for launch vehicle dry compartment is a shell reinforced with a corrugated sheet. In this research considered possibility of creating such a construction from CM based on the redesign of the existing construction. A comparison is made between the prototype construction and the construction made of CM.

The object of the research is a model of a cruise missile. As a result, the interference coefficients for seven combinations of a cruise missile with triangular and trapezoidal wings were determined. For each combination, the interference coefficients are tabulated and, if possible, compared with their theoretical values.

In this work, the result is obtained - a draft design of the spacecraft module intended for conducting biological experiments with artificial gravity technology. The necessity of developing research in the field of artificial gravity technologies is substantiated. Theoretically, an interesting effect associated with the design features has been found. The author draws attention to the general concept of the project, the layout of nodes and aggregates. The author's task is not to make a complete design calculation. the author's task is to present a draft design: a 3D model that reflects the main idea of the project and its components. The author focuses on the use of modern computer technologies in the project, which were not available in previous experiments on this topic. This work is useful as a fresh look at the solution of an urgent problem that has accompanied manned space since its inception.

The article presents the results of a study of the fauna of predatory mammals of the Southern Urals based on the winter route accounting method. During the study, two species of carnivorous mammals in the vicinity of the town of Bakal were identified,red fox and pine marten. The abundance of the studied species in different biotopes was estimated. The most typical behavioral responses of the red fox in the vicinity of the town of Bakal were determined (coniferous forest, mixed forest, inundated area of the Bolshoi Bakal River). The red fox occurs in all biotopes studied, and the pine marten prefers mixed forests and places near water. The classification of the main types of the red fox behavior is given. Most typical fox behavioral responses were revealed. These are passive defensive, territorial and exploratory types of behavior.

In this research presented the list of algae species found in Elshan and Mokhovoye lakes and saprobity of this waterbodies. We found 33 species of algae (27 species in Elshan lake and 13 species in Mokhovoye lake), included in 21 genuses, 12 families and 5 divisions (Cyanobacteria, Euglenosoa, Miozoa, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta). 13 species are new for Krasnosamarsky woodland, and 4 species are new for Samara region (Merismopedia trollery, Pinnularia cardinalis, Pinnularia gentilis, Scenedesmus semipulcher). Soprobity of Elshan lake – 2,11 points, Mokhovoye lake – 2,17 points, reflecting the β-mesosaprobic (moderately polluted) environmental conditions.

The present article provides a general overview in regards to the fundamentals of a star tracker – mathematical algorithms of image processing and star identification. The underlying principle is based on the procedure of image processing, images taken by the photosensitive matrix are recorded into RAM of a processor which is assigned to perform calculations. The next step is accomplished by the processor which commences performing predefined algorithms and afterwards sends a request to star catalogue databases meanwhile searching for the right match through comparison. There are a lot of techniques and methods to solve the existing key issue in star identification and setting coordinates of a spacecraft. The research gives a detailed description of the general algorithms classification, one of the existing algorithms, and the overall mechanism.

This work presents an implementation of a collaborative video game development system that allows users to improve team efficiency by using one system to manage the work process of professionals in all fields commonly found in game development. An overview of the domain knowledge was made, in particular the management of the development process, the results of which were used to gather the requirements for the system. Architectural choices that were made in the process of developing the system were examined. The system was developed as a client-server application; it uses the task asynchronous programming model. In order to provide access restriction, a flexible system that can be configured with configuration files was used. Users have many ways to track the lifecycle of the tasks, write documentation and communicate. Potential ways to improve the system in the future were also examined.

All modern automated systems use storages or database for data storage. There are many types of database management system, that assist relational, object, document-oriented and other data models. The goal of this work is determining of advantages and disadvantages, manipulation of data in relational and document-oriented database using the database management system MS SQL Server and MongoDB. The first stage of this task is comparing of rules of moving from conceptual model to logical database model. When designing any databases the first step is a conceptual designing. The most popular model of this stage is an entity-relationship model. For moving from conceptual model to logical model of relational database is used the rule of Jackson. The rules of moving to document-oriented database weren’t described before.

The article deals with the recollections of Konstantin Alekseyevich Titov, the first governor of the Samara region in the modern history of Russia.  The source potential of K.A. Titov`s memoirs is analyzed in order to study his activity as both a regional politician and a federal one. Titov has recorded the most important events of his political career; he has also described the personal characteristics of statesmen in the period of 1990s and early 2000s. In the memoirs a lot of attention is paid to the relations between the governor and the central government.  The conclusion of the research is that the memories of K.A. Titov are important as a source of information about the history of Russia in the previously mentioned period; however, they do not fully reflect the aspects of K.A. Titov`s activity as a regional and federal politician.

This article is devoted to the history of the development of fortified lines on the southern and South-Eastern borders of European Russia in the first half of the XVIII century. These include the Trinity line, which became, in fact, the first application of Western European fortification science in the construction of southern border defense systems, as well as the Tsaritsyn, Ukrainian and New Zakamskaya lines, which were the development of such a concept. This work allows us to conclude that, although the construction of these fortifications used the prevailing concept of Vauban in Western Europe, nevertheless, they became a natural and highest stage in the development of Russian border fortifications built in the XVI-XVIII centuries, while also being a support for the development of border territories – the frontier.

In his article, the influence of geographical, political, economic, and historical context on the features of the formation of socialism in Latin America and Africa is analyzed. On the example of the reign of Salvador Allende in Chile and Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt, a comparison of Latin American and Arab socialism was carried out, mutual similarities and differences of these regimes were revealed, as well as their fundamental differences from classical Marxism-Leninism. The reasons for Nasser's success in building a socialist regime in Egypt are identified, as well as the main aspects of Allende's defeat in an attempt to transfer Chile to a socialist course. The most significant events and achievements during the reign of the mentioned presidents are highlighted.

Dans cet article on compare les tendances générales dans le developpement de la culture française et russe à la seconde moitié du XVIII-ème siècle, on considère les raisons principaux de cette croissance culturelle. Il est très important de comprendre la situation sociale dans les deux pays dans cette époque, car le niveau de croissance de la sociète détemine les tendances du progrès culturelle. Avec ces connaîssances on peut comprendre les tendances générales de l’époque de XVIII-ème siécle dans les domaines idéologiques – les idées principales se forment autour de la philosophie des Lumières, qui détermine la perception générale de l’époque, qui influence beaucoup sur les goûts des gens, la mode des costumes, le mode de consruction des bâtiments (civiles et privés), les intérêts littéraires et artistiques etc. Tout cela constitut la compréhension de l’histoire de cette epoque.

In this article, there is the initial-boundary-value problem for a loaded integro-differential equation. There is proves of the existence and uniqueness of the generalized solution of the problem. There are found restrictions on the input data, the implementation of which there is a single generalized solution of this problem. The proof of uniqueness is carried out using a priori estimates. To prove the existence of a generalized solution, was constructed a sequence of approximate solutions, was proved the boundedness of this sequence, which made possible to distinguish a weakly convergent subsequence from this sequence and then showed that the weak limit of the selected subsequence is a generalized solution to problems.

In this article we consider the problem of estimating the absorption coefficient of the optical element having the shape of a circular disk and the irradiated laser beam, by measuring temperature at the periphery, and the heat exchange coefficient with the environment. To do this, we considered the quality criterion function, which has a trading structure. The solution of the direct thermal conductivity problem in the form of an infinite Fourier-Bessel series and the inverse problem is obtained using the coordinate descent method, the fastest descent method, the modified Golden section method, and the Gauss method with two step corrections. Also, a comparative analysis was made on the criteria of accuracy and execution time of the described methods based on the results of accurate and noisy measurements.

The paper presents the experience of first-year students,who study modern design methods, constructing and manufacturing individual parts, as well as finishing and assembling structurally complex products based on the use of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and additive technologies. This knowledge was acquired during the implementation of a project to modify the design and manufacture the full-size layout of one of the options of the helicopter main gearbox. The paper intended for use as a visual tutorial in the educational process of the University while training technical specialists. It also describes the features of the project related to the need to modify the geometry of parts for capabilities of the experimentally chosen  plastic material in 3D printer. 3D printer is used for printing with the determination of optimal printing modes, shrinkage during printing and subsequent leashes and warping during storage and ensuring the durability of the assembled biodegradable material product.

Computer simulation of the process of sinking strain a cylindrical workpiece on a spacer was performed in the Deform 2D / 3D software package. The influence of the degree of deformation, the relative dimensions of the workpiece, the magnitude of external friction, the relative dimensions of the hole in the spacer, the forging angle and the radius of the curve of the edge on the nature of the shape of the nave is established. With an increase in the degree of deformation, an increase in the height of the nave is established according to the law of the exponent. The lower the relative height of the workpiece $H_0/D_0$,  the higher the height of the nave. External friction promotes the formation of a higher nave than with the sinking strain of the workpiece in the absence of external friction. With an increase in the relative size of the hole in the washer $d_0/D_0$, a noticeable increase in the height of the nave is observed. At large degrees of deformation, the radius of curvature of the edge of the hole does not affect the shape of the nave. With an increase in the forging angle from 1º to 6º, the height of the nave increases within (12 - 18) %.

The paper presents the results of modeling the processes of liquid fuel atomization of a three-way centrifugal screw nozzle used in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine. The effect of the minimum size of a computational grid element on the calculation results by CFD methods is studied. Parameters such as the angle of fuel spray and liquid flow rate depending on the pressure drop were investigated. The required element size in the spray area was determined for calculating these characteristics using CFD for various settings (stationary and non-stationary). The difference in the calculation results when using stationary and non-stationary formulations, the advantages of each of them, as well as the area of their applicability for the problem of modeling the spray in the investigated nozzle are revealed. Comparison of calculation results with experimental data is presented.

In this study was analyzed present capsule endoscope, was found advantages and disadvantages modern wireless capsule systems. According this analysis was offered functional diagram of wireless capsule endoscope with radio antenna and with rechargeable battery with wireless charge. Also here was evaluated effectiveness of radio chan-nel to communication and to charge. Was offered optimal compact element base. Was described work algorithm of major modules. Study formulated advantage this solution over modern analogs.

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of skills of professional interaction of a social work specialist. In order to solve this problem, the professional activity of a social work specialist was analyzed from the perspective of a behavioral, humanistic, integrated approach, which revealed the need to highlight the methodological foundations of the professional work of a social work specialist, including mission, goal, principles and functions. As a result of a generalization of the methodological foundations of the professional activity of a social work specialist, they came to the conclusion about professional interaction as the leading activity of a social work specialist. The result of the study was the developed concept of «professional interaction of a social work specialist».

In this paper, we consider various opinions and approaches to the concept of definition of «professional self-determination», including the process of professional self-determination as the part of the self-determination process, analyze the work of domestic and foreign psychological researchers. The purpose of this article is to reveal the issues of the formation of professional self-determination of a high school students. The author proposes a structure for a professional self-determination of high school students taking into account the peculiarities of late adolescence, provides a description of career guidance methods abroad, and also offers its own version of measures aimed at helping high school students in professional self-determination.

In this paper, the question of moral education in the conditions of a modern school is raised. This is a particularly significant and urgent task, the solution of which contributes to the formation of a holistic personality. The upbringing process is considered as an active interaction of the teacher and student in a common joint activity. The article reveals the need for the formation of such qualities of moral development of a person as responsibility, independence, self-esteem, the conclusion is made about the need for students to develop real self-esteem, to replenish their knowledge about themselves. The result of a diagnostic study on the level of moral education of modern schoolchildren of different ages is given.

Flow about stagnation point over a stretching/shrinking sheet in a nanofluid is discussed. Liquid is water containing solid particles of copper. The laminar boundary layer is calculated using approximate methods and compared with the previously published results. Solutions of the equations were found by the Targ-Shvets method. Graphs of dependence of dimensionless tangential tension on a stretching/shrinking surface from dimensionless speed of its surface are constructed, on which comparisons with the published results are presented. The conclusions about the applicability of the approximate Targ-Shvets method to the solution of this problem are made.

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the operation of solar cells based on porous silicon was performed by Volt-Ampere characteristics and power drop. Telemetry received from THE AIST-2D ICA in the period from July 2016 to March 2019 was used for calculations. Graphically shows the VACH 14 elements, shows the gradual process of degradation in the natural environment of space. The elements are manufactured using special technologies, including the following surfaces: polished, textured, carbidized, as well as two types of anti-reflective coatings: ZnS and DyF₃. As a result of the experiment, the polished surface and DyF₃ proved to be the best, the porous layer significantly increases the service life of the solar cell.

In this article, we simulated the propagation of an electric field on the surface of a textured silicon structure. This made it possible to identify the optimal parameters of the porous layer, which contribute to a decrease in the reflection coefficient in the entire studied spectral range. Simulation of the distribution of the electric field was carried out in the COMSOL Multiphysics package. The results of modeling the distribution of the electric field showed that largely there is no full reflection. Most of the electric field is concentrated in micropores and on the verge of pyramids. This clearly confirms that a porous-textured surface with a disordered system of pores of different diameters can lower the reflection coefficient to a value below 0,1 %.

In this work, using the stereo-atomic model of the crystal structure, the coordination characteristics of tetravalent germanium atoms in GeC_n complexes, which are part of the crystals of organo-germanium compounds, are characterized. Using the Topos computer topology software package, the intersecting sectors method was used to determine the coordination numbers of all atoms, calculate the most important characteristics of the Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedral of germanium atoms surrounded by carbon atoms, and carried out a statistical analysis of the data. It was shown that germanium (IV) atoms with respect to carbon atoms exhibit coordination numbers 3 and 4, realizing coordination polyhedral in the form of a flat triangle and a distorted tetrahedron.