No 1(20) (2022)

The article considers the possibilities of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) method usage the in bioecological studies. The advantages of the method are pointed as relatively fast and uncomplicated sample preparation (for plant material is the dry ashing method), the speed of performing the analytical procedure itself, the possibility of detecting a fairly wide range of elements at the low levels. On the example of quantitative data obtained from the analysis of model plant phytomass samples, the features of the chemical elements accumulation belonging to various functional groups are demonstrated. The obtained data are compared with the regional characteristics of a conditional "reference plant"

The species composition and seasonal dynamics of crustacean populations in a previously unexplored floodplain reservoir of the Samara region were studied. A list of 34 species of crustaceans is given belonging to 11 families and 2 orders. Representatives of the Ostracoda class have also been discovered. In 2021, the dominant family in the pond was the Family Cyclopoidae. The family Chydoridae is represented by the largest possible diversity of species. The value of the Shannon-Weaver species diversity index is average for the season - 2.53 bits. This indicates a relatively stable state of the crustacean community. The lake has a high proportion of crustacean species living in thickets of aquatic macrophytes. A complex multi-species community of crustaceans indicates a fairly high potential for self-purification of the aquatic ecosystem.

The article considers "trading houses" as an organizational form of family business in the Samara province during late 19^th - early 20^th centuries. The paper presents the history of the emergence of entrepreneurship in the Russian Empire and shows the legal status of an entrepreneur. The article also reflects the state of family business in the Samara province in the second half of the 19^th and early 20^th centuries; to do this the activities of several "Trading Houses" were discussed. It is noted that there were three forms of the organization of capital: equal shares among the enterprise participants, autonomous capital, the presence of investors and partners. The article attempts to reveal the role of the religious aspect in the organization of a family business. The advantages of this form of business organization are identified in the conclusion.

The purpose of this work is to review and identify the main activities carried out by the British in Normandy in the XV century in order to create, first of all, the administrative independence of Normandy from the rest of France.

The research was carried out using such research methods as internal and external criticism of the source; information and content analysis, comparative analysis, as well as methods of source typology and periodization, which were applicable in this work for a clearer definition of its chronological framework.

The result of the research was this article, as well as a report at the Samara regional student scientific conference during which there was a discussion of this problem, its study, constructive criticism regarding this issue was accepted.

The processes of separation of Normandy from other french territories were, in our opinion, a rational "minimum program", which would be put into effect in the absence of serious shifts in relations with France. If Henry V could not assert his claims to the French throne, then the long-standing possession of the English kings would be a worthy prize for the English king. However, the treaty of Troyes was signed and the conflict that arose between the initial plans and the outcome of the military enterprise began to significantly affect the political geography of northern France.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for Turkey's leadership in the Middle East. When the Justice and Development Party came to power, the transformation of Turkey's foreign policy started. In relations with the countries of the Caucasus, Central Asia and North Africa, Turkey declared its leading positions, reinforcing them with traditional rhetoric about the link between the West and the East. Changes in the domestic political life of Turkey and the approval of the concept of Neo-Ottomanism encouraged Turkey to strengthen its leadership position in the region. At the moment, there are obvious transformations in the role and position of Turkey in the Middle East region, associated both with geopolitical reasons and with the specific features of the ruling regime in the country. Turkey's relations with the Middle Eastern countries are also examined within the article. The conclusions are drawn on the basis of the analysis of the Turkish successes and failures in achieving its ambitions to take the leading position in the region.

The article is devoted to the search activities of the Kuibyshev (Samara) writer M. Tolkach. Mikhail Tolkach (1917-2017) - Soviet Russian writer, writer, executive secretary of the Kuibyshev branch of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR (1962-1978), public figure, local historian. The main theme of the writer's work was the Great Patriotic War. To create his literary works M.Ya. Tolkach collected various materials - historical sources - which were the basis of the writer's works. At present, these documents are kept in the personal fund of M. Tolkach in the Central State Archive of the Samara Region (Fund R-3886) and are in the public domain. They are of particular value for historical research on topics related to the Great Patriotic War.

The article considers image of the main character in L. Andreev’s novel “Satan’s Diary”. It describes
stages of Satan who arrived on earth, in human world, becoming a human: the adoption of a human form, the
acceptance of a human essence, the recognition of a human as equal to himself. Also, the reasons for the character for becoming a human are revealed. The process is largely connected with characters Thomas Magnus, in whom Satan saw a worthy partner in his game, and Mary, for whom he is imbued with a sincere feeling of love. The process of Satan becoming a human is found to coincide with the dehumanization of other people in the world created by L. Andreev. Satan is going through this cruel ordeal in a world where people have their humanity long
lost.

In this article was revealed particularity of personality’s intersubjective limits

In this article, the specifics of the intersubjective boundaries of a person in the situation of "aggressor-victim" relationships are revealed; determined how the aggressor comes out to the experience of the victim, peculiarities of the adoption of the experience of the victim by the aggressor are defined; determined how the boundaries between the victim and the aggressor are transformed during the intersubjectivization of the victim's experience.

In this article, the specifics of the intersubjective boundaries of a person in a situation of "aggressor-victim" relationships were revealed. Based on the categorical apparatus of M. Bakhtin, it is determined how the aggressor goes to the experience of the victim. Features of the adoption of the victim's experience by the aggressor were revealed; determined how and under what conditions the boundaries between the victim and the aggressor are transformed during the intersubjectivization of the victim's experience. The stages of alienation of the aggressor from the aggressor's own experience are shown. Based on the material of the story by L. Romanova, it was proved that the element of this process is the "splitting" of both the aggressor's "I" and the victim's "I" in the perception of both subjects. The flexibility of the boundaries "I" of the subjects in the situation of the "victim-aggressor" relationship has been proven.

In this paper, it is found that the changes in the canon affect different levels of the original work of art and are implemented in the texts of mass literature. The artistic works of popular franchises, their plot and characters have ceased to be just the end result of the creativity of their creators. It was revealed that the phenomenon of canon reworking functions as a way of communication for fans of this work, as satisfaction of readers' or viewers' needs, as well as a way of expressing attitudes to the original work.

The article uses the material of Dostoevsky's work to solve one of the key problems of modern public consciousness — the problem of identity. The reorientation of research attention from the issues of typological poetics to the subject-value aspects of anthropic behavior made it possible to identify and describe in the novel "Crime and Punishment" two models of identity based on binary and/or trinitarian structures of consciousness. The "binary" hero (Raskolnikov, Luzhin, Razumikhin, Svidrigailov) closes on ideas, motives of an egocentric order, considers himself in opposition to Another as the center of the realization of the good. A "trinitarian" hero, such as Sonya Marmeladova is certainly, in sacrificial service to Another as a source of absolute good, is able by the power of humble love for every neighbor to change and transform his "property" (M. Stirner), to take him beyond the narrow limits of personal, ideological, national, political self-will "into the sphere of harmonious harmony of souls" (K. Jaspers). Such a solution to the problem of identity opens up prospects for further scientific understanding of the possibilities of the trinitarian type of culture and pedagogical developments in this direction.

The article briefly presents the results of the study, the purposes of which consist in  denoting the symbolism of E. Zamyatin's novel "We", as well as identifying unique symbolic meanings and the process of reassigning symbols. This article examines the main groups of symbols presented in the novel "We" by E. Zamyatin, their functions, and also defines the meanings of specific symbols in the context of the main idea of the book.

The article considers the concepts of competence and its aspects, as well as digital competence and its types. . The concepts included in the structure of digital competence are given. The results of the questionnaire are reflected in the development of classes on development of digital competence of students.

In this article, the authors consider the problem of professional self-determination in adolescence and the importance of its study in the educational process. The age characteristics of the younger generation contributing to the formation of readiness for professional self-determination are analyzed. The level of readiness of adolescents for professional self-determination is investigated.

Identity is a person's attribution of himself to some group or some person, which is expressed on the internal and external, behavioral levels. Both substantive and structural aspects of identity are in the field of scientific attention. The formation of identity is influenced by numerous factors, one of which is cognitive orientation. In modern Russian society, the phenomenon of "transitivity" is traced in the form of a transition from traditional culture, which is based on collectivistic attitudes, to a more modern culture, saturated with the trend of individualism. This can be most clearly represented in a comparative analysis of the content of the components of the identity of representatives of different generations. There are practically no publications on this topic, which determined the purpose of the study: to study the representation of collectivism in the identity of modern youth. It is revealed that the content of the identity of Russian respondents has practically not changed over the past 17 years. We can talk about the absence of significant differences in the representation of collectivism in identity at the youth-maturity age stage and thus about the stability of identity, its structure and content at the transitivity stage of Russian society.

The article describes a method for measuring the parameters of a particle, which made it possible to change the approach to the formation of a train of pulses on drift tubes that create a constantly accelerating field for a charged particle. The diagram of the control system is presented, and its operating principle is described. An HDL description has been developed that allows performing the necessary calculations in real time and realizing the rest of the accelerator control logic. Temporary modeling of the developed modules was carried out, and the calculation error was estimated.

In dieser Arbeit wird eine FEM-Modellierung des Entstehungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses von Rissen in Modellen mit dreieckigem Strukturcharakter unter zwei Arten von Grenzbedingungen untersucht. Die Modellierung wurde mit Abaqus-Softwareprodukt unter Verwendung der erweiterten Finite-Elemente-Methode (XFEM) durchgeführt. Es wurde der Einfluss der Grenzbedingungen auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung von Rissen festgestellt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die größten Spannungen im Porenbereich auftreten. Bei einem dreieckigen Strukturtyp ist es bemerkenswert, dass sich die Risse nicht linear bewegen und die Poren den Riss an sich ziehen können. Dies deutet daraufhin, dass ein Riss den anderen Riss stoppen kann. Als Ergebnis wurde ein FEM-Modell mit Porenkonfiguration 9х18 gebildet. Und es wurde auch festgestellt, dass Risse im Modell mit der Porenkonfiguration 9x18 und mit einer Pufferzone an den Poren entstehen, die sich in geraden Reihen am Rand befinden.

The pharmaceutical market is one of the most important markets, as it affects the level and quality of life of the population. This market is extremely affected by external factors, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. During the entire time of the pandemic, many changes have occurred in this market, including its stagnation, accelerated development, the emergence of new technologies and the beginning of the import substitution process, which is developing into a phase of economic development. These changes will continue in the future, as they have influenced the legislative framework and have become the basis for a new state program in the field of healthcare. This paper examines various unique economic phenomena that occurred during this period, their subsequent development and prospects.

This paper analysed the effect of inflation on technological development in Nigeria. In an inflation-targeting regime, the monetary authority adjusts the nominal interest rate in order to converge current inflation to the established target. It adjusts the interest rate of financial institutions, changing the opportunity cost of investments. As a result, rising inflation promotes a reduction in R&D investments demand, reducing the rate of technological progress. In the empirical exercise of the model, the estimated coefficient of elasticity of technological investments is negatively affected by inflation.

This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms for implementing sustainable development strategies at industrial enterprises. The normative and legal documents characterizing the activities aimed at the sustainable development of organizations are analyzed. The main approaches to ensure the sustainability of enterprises are identified, as well as a new direction – investment strategies for sustainable development of the enterprise, the basic types of these strategies are considered. The model of the influence of material and non-material factors on the company's activities within the framework of sustainable development is analyzed. Based on the generalization of models and mechanisms, a scheme for the implementation of a strategy for the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, taking into account industrial risks, is proposed.

This article assesses the current country's state connectivity by air transport, identifies the main problems in the development of the air communication network, and identifies internal and external factors hindering the development of domestic civil aviation. An analysis was made of the production and economic parameters of the operation of Russian airlines, including those belonging to the Aeroflot Group of Companies. An assessment was made of the economic viability of new domestic and international air routes proposed for implementation through the new eastern hub airport in Krasnoyarsk. The competitiveness of new routes in meeting the existing demand of the population for tourist services has been proved.

In this article, the authors analyze the importance of digital competencies for HR professionals. An attempt was made to develop a program to improve the digital skills of HR managers

The article examines the issue of such contract provisions as covenants. Their legal regime is investigated according to the theory, legislation and judicial practice of the Russian Federation. The author concludes about the legal nature of this institution of contract law, in particular about the need for a differentiated approach to covenants-obligations and covenants-conditions. Also the question of applicability of covenants in other financial transactions (apart from loan contracts) is studied: at the moment there are no political and legal grounds for limiting the application of covenants in other business contracts, besides, the author gives the assessment of admissibility of some covenants in consumer loan contracts, as some types of covenants can be not onerous enough for consumers, but provide a number of advantages for the creditor.

This article is devoted to an urgent topic in our time: whether clothes can cause rape When writing a work, the topic of victimization of the victim, its historical aspect, statistical data on crimes related to rape, legal acts and judicial practice are studied, the term "victimblaming" is analyzed. This article reflects the attitude of society to this issue, actions dedicated to victims of rape, including on the basis of a survey conducted among students of the Samara region.

The concepts of “neologisms” and “buzzwords” are discussed in the article based on linguistic illustrations from two lexicographic projects. This paper examines buzzwords registered in the on-line format of The Global Language monitor in 2020 and on-line version of Macmillan Online Dictionary in 2016-2020. Due to the fast changes within the bulk of English buzzwords in the epoch of globalization the problem of their linguistic status has not been studied and described in details that is why it is reasonable to consider some aspects of their functional potential in the terms of linguocultural and sociocultural characteristics to contribute to the adequate interpretation of this word cluster relevant for modern English lexicography. Moreover, the study of English buzzwords is aimed at renewing the information about the interaction between human beings and their social, cultural setting and cognitive requirements. The classification worked out is considered as another attempt to establish the role of English buzzwords in consolidating renewed information about modern trends in the development the English language in the XX1 century.

The article presents the results of the study, the purposes of which consist in identification, systematization of the multilevel representations of the concepts MASCULINITY and FEMININITY in the British literary discourse. The conceptual markers of narrow meaning, i.e. hyponyms that form the conceptual core, have been identified, and the linguistic units occupying dominant positions have been determined. Based on the structural approach to the classification of indicators of gender conceptualization and considering gender-relevant pronoun paradigms, the authors come to the reasoned conclusion that in contemporary British prose the concept FEMININITY is verbalized more widely than the concept MASCULINITY.

This work is a study of the patterns of formation and functioning of one-part constructions in the ontogenesis of a child's speech ability. It is established that all the main types of one-part sentences are formed in children at the early stages of language and cognitive development – at the age of 2 to 3 years. It was found that the first to appear in the speech of children are definitely personal (with a predominance of incentive sentences) and impersonal constructions, which indicates the relevance of the expression of the semantics of inducement and necessity for the child. A little later, vaguely personal and generically personal sentences appear in children's speech, the content of which reflects not personal, everyday, but collective, social experience. The early appearance and active use of one-part sentences confirms the importance of these syntactic models for everyday communication and their universality for denoting an action regardless of its subject.

The article is devoted to the content analysis of modern literary works available in the English segment of the Internet. The subject is addressed because the advent of the Internet entailed transformations in culture and society. Web literature, a new type of literature, reflecting the interests and values of modern society, has been formed. The research involves the analysis of 100 literary works which include from 6 to 62 words. With the help of a three-stage algorithm involving discourse analysis, linguistic description and contextual analysis, the texts are grouped into five thematic clusters including “human relations”, “psychological problems and ways of dealing with them”, “social issues”, “philosophical understanding of life” and “illnesses”. What is more, the research establishes the hierarchy of the identified thematic dominants in mini-texts of web literature. A possible correlation between the relative importance of the social issues and the frequency of their reflection in web literature is hypothesized.

         The paper represents the results of a review of lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of environmental articles in modern British and American periodicals. The sample of the study consists of materials from both popular and quality press. Articles on environmental issues are considered as representatives of environmental discourse as a whole, which determines the approach to the interpretation of their linguistic features. It has been revealed that various linguostylistic means, typical of the texts of the analyzed articles, play a key role in transforming world perception, shaping mass ecological consciousness and attracting the audience’s attention to global environmental problems. The research was carried out using the descriptive and the comparative methods, the quantitative method and the method of stylistic analysis.