Proceedings of young scientists and specialists of the Samara University
The Journal is published two times a year, is published in the author's edition to Samara region’s scientific problems of humanitarian, natural scientific and technical sciences.
Current Issue
No 2(23) (2023)
Aviation and rocket and space technology
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MASS CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBOPUMP AND ELECTRIC PUMP UNITS IN LIQUID RATES OF THE FIRST STAGES OF LAUNCH ROCKETS
Abstract
In this paper, the authors investigated the system of propellant supply to the combustion chamber (CC) of the first stages of a liquid-propellant rocket engine. Depending on the purpose of the rocket engine, either a turbo-pump system of fuel supply or a displacement system is used. The displacement system is used for low thrust and short-term engine operation, as well as for flights in outer space, so this scheme is not considered in this article. The turbopump system of fuel supply is more preferable for the first stages of launch vehicles (LV), as it can provide the necessary pump power to achieve the required engine thrust. However, TNA is a complex system with complicated manufacturing technology. In this regard, this paper proposes to replace the turbopump unit with an electric pump unit, which will greatly simplify the production, operation and circuit diagram of liquid rocket engines.
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STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A FUSELAGE MODEL WITH A RADAR COMPLEX IN THE FORM OF A DISK
Abstract
The paper investigated lifts and drag of the fuselage-antenna combination depending on the height of the antenna location above the fuselage. The lift and drag coefficients for the models were obtained depending on the angles of attack. Interference coefficients are determined, taking into account changes in lift and drag. The results of the experiment showed a non-monotonic dependence of the derivative of the lift coefficient with respect to the angle of attack on the height of the location of the radar complex above the fuselage. It has proven that in order to achieve the maximum lift of fuselage-antenna combination, it is better to place the antenna at a relative height above the fuselage approximately equal to .
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Astronomy
CONSTRUCTION OF 3D-MAPS SUBLIMATION ZONES FOR MAIN SPACE ICES IN SOLAR SYSTEM. QUALITY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBLE COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERES OF THE CLASSICAL PLANETS SATELLITES, TRANSNEPTUNIAN OBJECTS AND COMETS
Abstract
In the work a quantitative analysis of the photometry of the Gravitational Microlensing Phenomenon
(GMP) of a background star of the Milky Way by a Massive Dark Body (MDB), located on the
Solar System Periphery (SSP) are made in the case of five model bodies. The total luminous flux and
its magnification (A) are calculated. Formulas for the microlensing time (T0) and mass of microlens
are obtained. It is shown that in the case of the Nemesis/Tyuche models, the strong microlensing
for their registration are realized almost in the entire Space of Model Free Parameters (SMFP) and
optimal conditions of registration are achieved at the upper boundary of the Interval Possible Values of Heliocentric Distances (IPVHD).
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EVOLUTION OF THE UNIVERSE FROM THE BIG BANG BEFORE THE BIG RIP OR A BRIEF EXCURSION IN THE HISTORY OF COSMOLOGY AND SOLAR SYSTEM COSMOGONY: FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY. PART II. COSMOLOGICAL MODELS XVI-XIX CENTURIES
Abstract
This work opens a cycle of four articles, which are a brief excursion into the history cosmology and cosmogony
of the Solar System, covering the time scale – from the most ancient times up to the present day. The
release of this cycle is dedicated to the 135-th anniversary of the birth of the world-famous Russian scientist
Fridman A. A., the founder of modern physical cosmology and the author of the first non-stationary model
of the Universe. This article is devoted to an overview of the most famous examples of cosmological and
cosmogonic models of the structure of the Universe and the Solar system at the Ancient world. In particular,
in this paper, we consider the Model of the obvious Universe at the prehistoric times, cosmological models of
Ancient Egypt, Babylon and China. Special attention devoted to astronomy and cosmological models created
by prominent thinkers of Ancient Greece. The main purpose of this excursion is an attempt to trace the
evolution of representation man’s knowledge of the Universe and identify the main ¾bifurcation points¿ in
the history of these branches of astronomy.
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Biology
ABIOTIC FACTORS INFLUENCE OF FOR THE ACCUMULATION OF LICHEN SUBSTANCES
Abstract
In this work, qualitative and quantitative assessments of the content of secondary metabolites of lichens of the following species were carried out for the first time: Cladonia fimbriata, Evernia mesomorpha, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, Xanthoria parietina – by microcrystallization and spectrophotometric method, and also studied the dependence of the accumulation of lichen substances on the position in the relief and the type of community. In the thallomas of the studied species, 6 secondary metabolites were found: atranorine, divaricatic, salacinic, physodalic, fumarprotocetraric acids and parietin. The microcrystallization method showed that the predominant amount of lichen acids is formed in communities in the arena, and only fumarprotocetraric acid is found in greater quantities in floodplain oakwood. And the method of spectrophotometry showed that in the thallomas of Parmelia sulcata, Hypogymnia physodes and Evernia mesomorpha, the total content of lichen acids is higher in floodplain communities than in those in the arena, and in Xanthoria parietina and Cladonia fimbriata – on the contrary.
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Informatics
Author message profiling
Abstract
In this paper, the authors consider the problem of determining the gender of the author of an electronic message. To solve it, a computer program has been developed that, based on statistical methods, is able to determine the gender of the author of the text. A method for collecting and analyzing a large number of electronic messages is proposed to form a training sample of a text corpus in Russian. On its basis, a number of tests were carried out in order to find the most effective approach to training programs to determine the required information about the author of the message. In addition, the paper presents and analyzes the results of the experiments, as well as their analysis to further improve the accuracy of such programs.
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A STUDY OF NEURAL NETWORK TRAINING ALGORITHMS FOR FORECASTING CHAOTIC TIME SERIES
Abstract
Goal. Train neural networks (RNN and LSTM) using different loss function minimization algorithms to solve the problem of predicting chaotic time series, then evaluate the results.
Methods. The following algorithms were chosen: Adam, Nadam, SGD, Levenberg-Marquardt. The Lorenz system was taken as the source of chaotic time series generation with the parameters σ = 10, ρ = 28, β = 8/3. The networks were trained and configured using the Python programming language, which used the main libraries for working with neural networks: keras, numpy, matplotlib, plotly. To work with chaotic time series the library nolista was used. At the stage of data preparation the Takens theorem of phase space reconstruction was used to construct a matrix from time series with a certain delay.
Results. It was shown that with the using selected neural network models, it is possible to reduce the MAE in the forecasting problem to 0,000896.
Conclusions. The Levenberg–Marquardt and Adam loss function minimization algorithms have shown themselves well.
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Predicting individual behavior reactions with social media digital footprints
Abstract
This paper presents the development and description of automated system for analyzing the digital footprint of a VKontakte social network user. The system enables HR-managers to process the applicant’s publicly available data in order to determine his/her behavioral reactions. The work substantiates the demand to use social media screening software in order to automate recruitment processes under the lack of applicant’s personal information. It presents an approach to automation of user’s digital footprint analysis through determining the quantitative indicators for deviant behavior and social openness. The developed system is a web application based on a client-server architecture, which allows HR managers as authorized users to add and save applicants profiles, view their social media activity reports generated by the system.
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History
ANGLO-FRENCH RELATIONS OF THE II HALF OF THE XVI CENTURY IN MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Abstract
In this paper, the author presents an attempt to create a general description of modern (1990 - present) foreign (primarily Anglo-Saxon) and domestic works on Anglo-French relations in the second half of the 16th century. The subject of the study will be the historiographic base on this issue. The literature under consideration will be analyzed in chronological order, which will make it possible to trace the change in trends, views, both in foreign historical science and in the domestic one. In more detail, in terms of highlighting chronological periods and methodological techniques, domestic historiography has been worked out, since fewer studies by foreign historians have been selected for consideration and almost all of them belong to the same chronological period.
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Literary criticism
THE CHRISTMAS CHRONOTOPE IN THE REPRESENTATION OF EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN WRITERS
Abstract
This work examines the the poetics of spatial and temporal organization in the works on Christmas theme by European and Russian writers. The subject of the study is the chronotope of such Christmas stories by European authors as: 1) "A Christmas Carol in Prose" by Dickens, 2) "The Girl with Matches" by Andersen, 3) "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" by Hoffmann. A group of works by Russian writers is represented by the following works: 1) "The Night before Christmas" by Gogol, 2) The chapter "Christmas" from the book "The Summer of the Lord" by Shmelev, 3) "The Beggar Boy at Christ’s Christmas tree" by Dostoevsky. In the course of the study distinctive features of the perception of the time space of two groups of writers were identified, as well as similarities and differences in the understanding of this religious holiday by representatives of different cultures were indicated. It was noticed that in the works of this orientation, there are often motifs of a magical journey, a Christmas miracle, the struggle of good and evil and home festive comfort. The Russian awareness of this religious holiday is also distinguished by the sacralization and Christianization of the space.
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The language of a medieval epic poem (on the example of editions of the poem «Beowulf»)
Abstract
The paper examines the features of the Old English language and how they were adapted in modern editions of the poem «Beowulf». The graphic and sound values of letters, the inflectional system of the language, alliteration, stress, word composition, the use of kennings, epic formulas are described, and the dynamics of the editions of the work is also considered. It is shown that the use of alliterations, kennings and compound words creates a special poetic language, unique for the period when the work was created. It is established that various editions of the work represent a picture of the evolution of the English language in the cultural context. Additionally, the difficulties encountered in translating the poem from Old English into Russian are indicated.
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"THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA" BY C. S. LEWIS: ORIGINAL TEXT AND RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE ADAPTATION
Abstract
The article examines how the Russian-language adaptation of the cycle of fantasy novels created by K. S. Lewis was able to convey to the domestic reader the mythological images and motifs embedded in them by the author and how it transplanted the biblical meanings present in the original text. In the course of the work, the history of the creation of the cycle of stories "Chronicles of Narnia" was studied and the reasons why their publication in the USSR was impossible were described. The complexity of the transmission of individual moments of the text in Russian is analyzed and it is revealed that the untranslatable wordplay affects the perception of allusions by readers who do not speak English. Some examples show how the original text of the works is distorted during the Russian-language adaptation and how, despite the inaccuracies of the translation, the Russian-language edition copes with the task of reproducing the biblical meanings inherent in the works.
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The interaction of the world of fantastic literary work and the reader's world (on the example of the novel by A. and B. Strugatsky "The Doomed City")
Abstract
The article reviews the problem of interaction between the world of fantastic literary work and the reader's world on the example of the novel by A. and B. Strugatsky "The Doomed City". The specifics of the construction of the fantastic world of a literary work, the dependence of the fantastic world on the definition of the fantastic that the author (and/or genre) sets in his work, the specifics of the interaction of the fantastic world and the reader's world are determined. The techniques that the author uses in a fantastic work to establish "contact" with the reader and for the reader to understand the world of the work are determined. In the article we come to the conclusion that the fantasy world of the novel "The Doomed City" is a mobile, unstable structure: the reader, on the one hand, tries to build a picture of this fantastic world based on the realities of his own reality, on the other hand, any attempts by the reader to understand the world of the Experiment are doomed to failure.
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Representation of physicality in the novel Z. Prilepina "Pathology"
Abstract
This article examines how trauma is manifested and verbalized in a work of fiction of the XXI century, i.e. how the "narrative of trauma" is created. The study fits into the paradigm of trauma studies; through the prism of the analysis of the perception of the body (physicality) by the characters of the novel, it is revealed which strategies the author chooses to represent a traumatic event. It is revealed that in the hero's mind, the mechanisms for facilitating the perception of difficult and unthinkable situations, phenomena and objects that cannot be directly embedded in the symbolic structure are the perception of traumatic events and images through simple and safe images, objectification of the traumatic abstract phenomenon and alienation from it, the description of the living as normal, the dead as going beyond the norm etc. In addition, this article reveals the features of the artistic world of Roman Z. Prilepin, related to the plot-forming event of the work, which is traumatic in the life of the hero.
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Topik und Teleologie der onomastischen Praxis im poetischen Stil des Gottfried Benns
Abstract
Im Artikel wird versucht, die onomastische Praxis, die in der Poeterei des Gottfried Benns erfüllt wird, mit künstlich-teleologischer Einstellung komplex zu analisieren. Durch die Analyse der Gebrauchsspezifik der so oder anders mit dem ellenschen Thema verbundenen Namen (Anthroponyma, Theonyma, Toponyma, Realien) wurde der Schluß möglich, daß die onomastische Praxis Benn beim Erbauen einer Stilstopologie durch ein feines und unordinäres Behandeln einzelner Namenssemantikelementen. Im Artikel wird eine funktionale Typologie des Namensgebrauchs in der Gottfried Benns Poeterei erbaut und der Begriff des Symbols für Benn’sche Poetik begründet. Beim Forschen wird die Methode der philologischen Analyse eingesetzt, an der methodologischen Peripherie steht die Methode der imaginativen Rekonstruktion.
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B. V. BER AND A. K. SHELLER-MIKHAILOV: EPISTOLARY AS THE KEY TO THE ARTISTIC WORLD
Abstract
The report is devoted to the history of the creative dialogue between the poet and translator B. Ber and his literary patron A. Sheller-Mikhailov. Based on the analysis of the epistolary, the history of acquaintance, literary ties and cooperation between two artists of the realistic and pre-modernist trends is restored, the main motives of the correspondence are revealed, which, on the one hand, is evidence of the acquaintance and communication of representatives of different literary generations, and on the other hand, a curious epistolary text that actualizes such meanings as «old» and «young», «capital» and «province», «craft» and «inspiration». Consideration of the creative dialogue between B. Ber and A. Sheller-Mikhailov is interesting both from the point of view of the characteristics of each of the participants in the correspondence, and from the point of view of understanding the nature of pre-modernist aesthetics, which was formed in the conditions of simultaneous assimilation and rejection of classical traditions.
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MNEMONIC DISCOURSE IN F. M. DOSTOEVSKY'S NOVEL «THE HUMILIATED AND THE INSULTED»
Abstract
The article deals with the reconstruction and interpretation of the narrator's recollection activity within the narrative structure of F. M. Dostoevsky's novel «The Humiliated and the Insulted». It is shown how the memories of other characters are also embedded in the text claiming to be the genre of notes. Attention is drawn to the «borderline situation» in which the narrator finds himself. The features of mnemonic discourse in the novel are revealed (the presence of a central «I» remembering consciousness, memory verbs, various ways of quoting, the juxtaposition of tenses on the principle of «then-now», the division into the plan of depicted events and the plan of narration, the omission of memories and silence about them). The importance of premonition and forgetting as mechanisms of memory is emphasized, the phenomenon of narrative repetition is considered.
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THE PHENOMENON OF B. STOKER: ABOUT THE REASONS FOR THE POPULARITY OF THE NOVEL "DRACULA"
Abstract
In this article, the phenomenon of the popularity of the vampire image in world culture is considered. It is believed that the novel «Dracula» by B. Stoker played a direct role in popularizing the image. However, taking into account the fact that the novel was not the first work about a vampire in the history of literature and was not successful in wide circles among other similar works after publication, the reasons for the popularity of this image are of research interest. In the course of the study, the works of literature about vampires and the interest in them in society were studied, the history of the creation of the novel «Dracula» was examined and possible reasons for its unique popularity were identified. In conclusion, it is noted that the image of a vampire in the novel "Dracula" by B. Stoker remains popular for a long time, because it adapts to current issues of society
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Pedagogy
DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY OF TEENAGERS BY MEANS OF FINE ARTS
Abstract
The purpose of the scientific article is to consider the importance of fine art in the development of creativity of adolescents as a necessary ability in the process of their socialization: the ability to constructively interact with others, independently resolve difficulties, analyze and summarize information to clarify various issues, take initiative in various spheres of public life. Fine art is the means that promotes the development of creativity and imagination in a person.
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Sociology
Algorithm for creating and promoting a personal brand (on the example of the sports industry)
Abstract
Target. Identification of algorithms for successful promotion of a personal brand.
Methods. The study of scientific and popular science literature, the analysis of profiles in social networks.
Results. Identification of algorithms for creating a personal brand and a strategy for its promotion.
Conclusions. To successfully build a personal brand, you need to adhere to certain creation tactics, as well as understand the values of your product and be able to correctly demonstrate them to your target audience.
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The role of personal information security in social networks nowdays
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of information security in social networks and the various threats that users may face. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of competence of users of social networks in the issue of information security. A survey of 50 students showed that a significant number of them had experienced hacking of social networks, and only a few knew how to protect themselves online. The article gives tips on how to protect yourself from intruders and improve security and privacy. Tips include using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, being careful when clicking links, updating software, and using antivirus software. By following these tips, social media users can reduce the risk of becoming victims of online threats.
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Physics
PROPERTIES OF BIOMATERIAL BASED ON POROUS SILICON NANOCOMPOSITE WITH HYDROXYAPATITE
Abstract
The development of new biomaterials for medical purposes is quite a difficult task. In this work, a porous silicon nanocomposite with hydroxyapatite was obtained as a biomaterial for use in osteoplasty. The analysis of single-crystal silicon wafers with various types of surfaces as the basis for a porous silicon nanocomposite with hydroxyapatite is carried out. Porous silicon was obtained by the method of anodic electrochemical etching, its characteristics were studied and porosity was calculated by the gravimetric method. Nanocomposite powder was obtained by mechanical grinding of the porous layer and by laser ablation. Its properties as a nanocontainer for drug delivery were studied by microscopy methods. X-ray energy dispersion microscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in silicon pores.
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POROUS SILICON FOR THE CREATION OF AN ENZYME BIOSENSOR
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study of silicon pores as a material for creating an enzyme glucose biosensor. The morphological characteristics of the material were investigated, as well as the electrical properties with and without filler were studied. It was found that the oxidase enzyme has a significant effect on porous silicon.
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Economics and management
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF JSC RUSSIAN RAILWAYS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
Abstract
RZD Lоgistics is the largest multimodal lоgistics оperator in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) and Baltic cоuntries. Created in оrder tо develоp the lоgistics business segment оf Russian Railways Hоlding, the cоmpany is amоng the leaders оf Russian lоgistics market and оffers its clients a wide range оf services, including international cоntainer transit and supply chain management. Thus, this paper discusses the strategies of RZD Logistics that the company have made in order to create and maintain the different international expansion of transportation of goods and logistics in Asia and Europe, also in this article, it shows the different transit and routes that the RZD Logistics have accomplished in different countries from Asia and Europe and also their service benefits on the company itself that it has achieved during the years and the development of creating new projects and ways for the distribution of the logistics on time.
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Jurisprudence
Controversial issues of qualifying the circulation of falsified, substandard and unregistered medicines, medical devices and the circulation of counterfeit dietary supplements
Abstract
This paper raises the problem of controversial issues of qualification of the crime under Art. 238.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Not always the law enforcer is able to give the correct qualification to the act in the event of controversial issues. In a number of cases, judicial practice to resolve them is based on the science of criminal law, in some cases it develops spontaneously. A significant problem in resolving controversial issues of qualification is the paucity of judicial practice on the composition under study. This paper proposes ways to resolve a number of controversial issues that arise when qualifying a crime under Art. 238.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as ways to improve the criminal law of Russia and the explanatory practice of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
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Linguistics
THE POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION OF LINGUISTIC EXPERIMENT IN RUSSIAN LESSONS
Abstract
The article considers a linguistic experiment as one of the methodically effective ways of working with a word.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the methodological possibilities of working with a linguistic experiment in Russian language lessons.
Research methods -1) general scientific methods: observation, comparison, induction, deduction, classification; 2) concrete scientific methods: pedagogical diagnostics, document analysis, comparative method, contextual analysis method.
Results - the possibilities of a linguistic experiment were studied as part of a Russian language lesson and exercises were created that allow them to be implemented.
Conclusions: linguistic experiments convince us that it is possible to learn how to feel a word. And thanks to the possibilities of a linguistic experiment, this can be done outside the box and at lessons on completely different topics.
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FEMALE MUNICIPAL POLITICIAN AS A LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY IN GERMANY (VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT “LONELINESS”)
Abstract
The article deals with the linguistic-cognitive level of the structural-functional model belonging to the linguistic personality of the German municipal female politician, Veronika Kienzle. The presence of the individual concept “loneliness” (Einsamkeit) in the cognitive world’s representation occurs in the politician’s mind. This paper is based on the linguopersonological approach and analyzes concepts presented in the mind of the studied linguistic personality. In the end the authors come to the conclusion that the concept “loneliness” (Einsamkeit) is not typical for female politicians in Germany, however, it can characterize German culture as a whole.
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Aphorism as a mini-genre of the English fiction discourse: linguo-cognitive aspects
Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the verbal and conceptual plans of aphorisms as a variety of small-format texts within the English fiction discourse. The empirical base includes 100 aphoristic texts written by classical authors. It is established that due to the extreme brevity of the verbal textual plan, the pragmatic potential of the aphorisms is realized primarily through expressive means and stylistic devices. Furthermore, a set of concepts verbalized in the aphorisms is identified. On the example of the concept “Human relations” the ways of its language representation are revealed and the typical features of conceptualization within the considered discourse are identified.
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EVALUATION OF SENSORY VOCABULARY AS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCI-PLE OF BINARY OPPOSITIONS
Abstract
The article is devoted to the evaluation of sensory vocabulary with the stem "soft" as a means of categorizing phenomena in cognitive processes. Evaluation arises in contexts enriched with a wide range of abstract meanings. In the context of "softness" as malleability, it can realize both positive and negative connotations. When considering issues of connotation, it is also necessary to take into account quantitative and qualitative characteristics that help to distinguish between shades and nuances of meanings expressed by sensory vocabulary. And the very principle of binary oppositions underlying certain processes, the verbalization of which is intended to be facilitated by perceptual vocabulary, makes its study, on the one hand, very significant for understanding cognitive mechanisms, and on the other hand, very clear for this. It is this quality of visualization, that is, “visibility”, of the verbalization of internal processes that creates the basis for cognition.
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MODERN NETWORK ETIQUETTE AS A LINGUOCULTURAL PHENOMENON
Abstract
The article examines the phenomenon of network etiquette from the point of view of the peculiarities of its application in everyday virtual communication. Based on the analysis of research on network etiquette, we present our own understanding of this phenomenon. As examples of the use of speech etiquette in Internet communication, comments from users of the Yandex Q platform, personal messages from users of the Vkontakte social network, as well as a letter from e-mail correspondence (taking into account the specifics of these electronic resources) are given and described. Based on the observations made, the current definition of network etiquette is formulated and its main features are identified.
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Realisation means of speech acts of various communicative orientation (based on the speech of the British Royal family representatives)
Abstract
The article analyzes the speech acts of the British royal family representatives. The empiric material includes official speeches and interviews of Elizabeth II, Charles III, Prince William, Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle. The research is carried out on the basis of the linguistic description method, the method of continuous sampling and the method of comparative analysis. The study is based on the classification of speech acts by John Searle. Particular attention is paid to non-verbal and paraverbal characteristics. The study revealed the most common speech acts in the speech of each of the representatives of the British royal family, as well as the entire group. The members of the royal family are characterized by the use of such speech acts as representatives, expressives and directives.
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VARIABILITY OF THE LINGUOCULTURAL TYPE "VAMPIRE" IN THE ENGLISH-CINEMA DISCOURSE
Abstract
In this article, the methods and variants of the formation of the linguocultural type "vampire" in the English-cinema discourse were determined, the verbalized nuclear and peripheral characteristics of each of the subtypes of the linguocultural type were identified on the basis of a multidimensional analysis of dialogical modules. Based on the particular characteristics of each of the subtypes, a general system of nuclear characteristics of the entire linguistic and cultural type was constructed, linguistic type variability was proved and illustrated by the example of triadic actualization within the linguocultural type "vampire", and its further diversification was predicted. The novelty of research is to demonstrate the potential of linguocultural type for variation and the discovery of a multidimensional conceptual structure.
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Language game in media advertising
Abstract
Goal
The purpose of our research is to study the relationship of the ways of language play in the texts of media advertising with the category of goods presented (cars, educational services, soft drinks, confectionery, fast food products).
Methods
In our work, we applied a descriptive method that combines the techniques of linguistic observation with elements of analysis of theoretical works on this problem; a statistical method consisting in the calculation of linguistic material and its classification; as well as a method of functional analysis that reveals the role of lexical innovations in the context.
Results
The article focuses on the facts of the language game in media advertising. Game techniques are diverse and are very often used in this type of texts, since the language game helps to achieve the goal of advertising – to attract the recipient's attention. The article discusses the advertising texts of several product categories (cars, fast food products, confectionery, soft drinks, educational services). The frequency of the use of language game techniques in the advertising texts of each of the presented categories correlate with the price range of goods and the target audience for which they are designed. The language game in car advertising turned out to be the least productive (9%) both in terms of the number of examples and the variety of types of language game; 12% of the facts of language game in confectionery advertising were recorded, graphic and word-formation predominate; The TOP 3 are educational services (18%), fast food products (19%) and soft drinks (42%), which is explained by the target audience of different ages and fields of activity. This advantage gives copywriters the opportunity to operate with a variety of language game techniques in unlimited quantities.
Conclusions
Thus, the facts of the language game in media advertising are diverse and appear continuously. The frequency of their use is inversely proportional to the cost of the product – an increase in the price of the product determines a decrease in the frequency of using language game techniques. So, on the laconic and strict pages of automobile brands, we found examples of using only a lexical language game, which is explained by the characteristics of the target audience: potential buyers are mature people with above-average incomes, occupying a high social position. Advertising of educational products is aimed at school children and their parents, which leads to the use of a significant number of language game techniques. Advertising texts selling confectionery and soft drinks are addressed to a wide target audience, which gives copywriters the freedom to operate with a variety of language game techniques even within the same text.
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THE «TIME» CONCEPT IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE BUSINESS DISCOURSE
Abstract
This article is devoted to the consideration of the structure of the versatile «TIME» concept and its linguistic actualization in English, as well as to the description of systematic culture-based features perception of this concept perception. The peculiarities of the manifestation of the «TIME» concept have been analysed at the lexical-syntactic, grammatical, and paralinguistic levels. The analysis of these structural linguistic components in the context of English business discourse makes it possible to identify the national-specific features of the English linguistic culture. The importance of the «TIME» concept as an integral part of English-speaking culture and its influence on the constitution of business interaction have been proven.
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EMPRUNTS FRANÇAIS DES TERMES AÉRONAUTIQUES DANS LES LANGUES RUSSE ET ANGLAIS
Abstract
Cette étude est consacrée à l'étude des termes aéronautiques en russe et en anglais d'origine française. Le but du travail est de déterminer le rôle de la langue française dans la formation du vocabulaire de la terminologie aéronautique en russe et en anglais et d'analyser l'histoire de l'origine des termes aéronautiques. L'étude a permis de déterminer le rôle de premier plan de la langue française dans la formation du vocabulaire des termes aéronautiques en russe et en anglais à l'époque de la naissance de l'aviation mondiale. L'histoire de l'origine et de l'introduction des termes aéronautiques, du lancement du premier ballon au début du XXe siècle, a été examinée. À l'aide d'une analyse étymologique, il a été établi que le grec et le latin ont eu une grande influence sur la formation des termes aéronautiques. L'analyse a révélé que le français a été la première source majeure d'emprunts dans la terminologie aéronautique russe et anglaise et a contribué à la formation d'un vocabulaire russe et anglais des termes aéronautiques. L'évolution de la sémantique des termes aéronautiques a été retracée, depuis la naissance de l'aviation jusqu'à l'époque moderne. L'étude a été réalisée à l'aide de la méthode d'analyse, de la méthode descriptive, de la méthode d'analyse des composants, de l'analyse étymologique et de la formation de mots, de l'analyse sémantique.
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