No 1(24) (2024)

The design of a pneumohydraulic system is the most important task in the design of a liquid rocket propulsion system. The PGS must ensure uninterrupted supply of components to the remote control throughout the flight, with a given mass flow rate and pressure, as well as meet safety requirements.

This article describes the research and application of converted small-sized piston engines in aviation technology

Goal: to determine the distribution pattern of the volumetric fiber content in the cross-section of the strands of a layered fabric composite.

Methods. Experimental and analytical methods were used to determine the volume content of fibers in different areas of the characteristic cross-section of laminated carbon fiber filaments.

Results. An experimental study of the polished cross-section of the composite structure, using special equipment, allowed us to obtain a digital microscopic image of the cross-section and measure the volume of fibers in each area.

Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, statistical analysis was performed, which showed an uneven distribution of fiber volume content in different cross-sectional areas.

In this work, qualitative and quantitative assessments of the content of secondary metabolites of lichens of the following species were carried out for the first time: Cladonia fimbriata., Evernia mesomorpha, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, Physconia enteroxantha, Xanthoria parietina – by microcrystallization and spectrophotometry, and also studied the dependence of the accumulation of lichen substances on the position in the relief and the type of community. In the thallomas of the studied species, 9 secondary metabolites were found: atranorine, divaricatic, salacinic, physodalic, fumarprotocetraric, usnic, evernic acids, parietin and secalonic acid A. For Cladonia fimbriata, the microcrystallization method is not suitable for the correct assessment of the content of fumarprotocetraric acid; for Evernia mesomorpha, the data for both analysis methods are comparable; for Evernia prunastri, the content of atranorine and usnic acid can be reliably estimated by any method, and the content of evernic acid is only 75 %; the accuracy of the microcrystallization method for Hypogymnia physodes is 83% for physodalic acid, and for atranorine – 66%, for salacinic acid and atranorine in Parmelia sulcata – 56%, for Physconia enteroxantha – 73%, and for Xanthoria parietina – 75%. The spectrophotometry method also showed that the content of fumarprotocetraric acid in Cladonia fimbriata in birch forests is 4 times higher than that in oak forests and pine forests, regardless of terrain; the largest number of secondary metabolites in Hypogymnia physodes accumulates in oak forests; when growing in pine forests, regardless of the relief, it is 2-8 times more than in birch forests; in Parmelia sulcata, the content of atranorine and salacinic acid in birch forests, oak forests and pine forests is 1.5 – 4.3 times higher than in aspen forests; in Physconia enteroxantha, a tendency to greater accumulation of secalonic acid A in oak forests is revealed. Two-factor analysis of variance without repetition for Cladonia fimbriata, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata and Physconia enteroxantha showed that the type of community significantly affects the accumulation of lichen substances, except for Physconia enteroxantha, and the position in the relief did not reveal any dependence.

The article deals with the phenomenon of Soviet activism in the sphere of realization of housing policy by the Soviet authorities. In the 1920s-1930s, housing-rent cooperative societies were a structure that ensured the solution of economic issues at the level of the city and the region, as well as controlled the niche in the sphere of management, which could not be directly controlled by the central authorities. The author attempts to understand the motivation of Housing-rent cooperative partnership activists. Based on the materials of archival and published sources, the author came to the conclusion about the determining role of ideological convinced activists of Housing-rent cooperative partnership and the prevalence of non-material factors in the issues of motivation of members of the board of the cooperative association.

This paper is dedicated to revealing the role of slavery in the historic narratives of the American South in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The subject of inquiry is the historic memory of the Southern states within the specified period of time. Addressing the problem would involve identification of the key myths related to the role slavery played in the Civil War, and to the image of the pre-War slave-owning system of the South. The paper highlights dual role of slavery. On the one hand, the Southerners tried to downplay the importance of this institution as a root-cause of the Civil War, while emphasizing the abstract constitutional issues. On the other hand, slavery played a distinct role in the collective memory: the pre-war slave-owning system was viewed as the perfectly organized society. Therefore, the myth created by the South in many respects still impacts the way modern Americans remember the Civil War.

In this article on the example of insurance compensation the problem of social obligations in the framework of relations between workers and manufacturers is considered. The article studies the strategies of fabricators, the role of patriarchal traditions in the factory life and the representations of contemporaries about loyal behavior on the materials of court proceedings of Vasily Ivanovich Ryabinin, worker of Samara Pipe Plant.

Purpose: to consider the features of the functioning of the mythologeme "house" in E.N. Chirikov's tetralogy "The Life of Tarkhanov".

Methods. The study introduces a consistent description of the appearance of "houses" in the text array. Such a method of consistently systematic description of the material allowed, on the one hand, to build a "system of houses" in the text and, on its basis, to build an idea of the super-plot of the "search for a house" set by E. N. Chirikov, and, on the other hand, helped to reflect the general principle of plot construction in the tetralogy "Life of Tarkhanov", which is organized according to the logic of meeting the world, being surprised by the appearance of each new house and finding oneself in it as a hero – Gennady Tarkhanov.

Results. The tetralogy includes such Volga cities as Kazan, Simbirsk, Samara, and Stavropol.

Thus, despite the initially negative connotation of the prison locus, in E. N. Chirikov's tetralogy, the prison becomes exactly the "house of memory" in which Gennady Tarkhanov turns out to be able to assemble himself, the world collapsing around, establish order and a calendar.

Conclusions. The mythopoetics of "home" in E.N. Chirikov's tetralogy "The Life of Tarkhanov" implements two opposite trends: on the one hand, initially non-domestic, public space acquires individual meanings, thereby becoming included in the system of "houses". On the other hand, the status of "domesticity" and coziness of the most individual and closed spaces for the world – the manor and the father's house - is being questioned. In connection with the above, we note that the "house" in the mythopoetics of E.N. Chirikova's "Tarkhanov's Life" acts not so much as a physical space, but as an internal, spiritual locus or, better to say, a way of seeing the world, the "house of the soul".

The considered material allows us to state that the Stavropol estate in the tetralogy does not realize itself as a truly "domestic" and intimate space, but, on the contrary, develops according to the plot of the collapse of the "garden" and the loss of the house. This motif is supported and developed in other "houses" of the tetralogy and becomes a manifestation of the paradigm outlined by M.A. Perepelkin and G.Y. Karpenko: in order to experience the "Great Joy" of communion with the kingdom of God, a turn-of-the-century man must certainly experience the "Great Suffering" of losing his own "Home".

This paper obtained the results of a study of means of psychological and pedagogical work on the formation of a culture of behavior in preschool children. The analysis showed that the formation of a culture of behavior in preschool children is one of the most important tasks in the process of their upbringing and development. The preschool period is a sensitive period for the assimilation of social norms and behavior patterns that children adopt from adults and peers. To study the level of formation of a culture of behavior in children of middle preschool age, three methods were used: “Listen to the story and find mistakes in behavior” (N.E. Boguslavskaya), “Story pictures”                  (R.R. Kalinina) and “Finish the story” (R.R. Kalinina). The diagnostic results showed that in most children the level of development of cultural behavior is at medium and low levels, which indicates the need for targeted work to develop in preschoolers knowledge about the rules of cultural behavior and the ability to apply this knowledge in various situations. An analysis of modern research has made it possible to identify a number of effective means of psychological and pedagogical work to develop a culture of behavior in preschool children. These include gaming and project activities, reading fiction, theatrical games, as well as interaction between teachers and parents. The use of these tools in combination contributes to the development of cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of a culture of behavior in children, which allows them to successfully adapt to society and build harmonious relationships with others. The results obtained can be used in the practice of preschool educational organizations in the development and implementation of programs for the moral education of children, as well as in the system of advanced training for teachers.

This article updates the problem of developing sociocultural competencies in the educational space of higher education. The features of the formation of sociocultural competencies are considered. The essence of the concept of sociocultural competencies and methods of their formation in the educational space of higher education are determined. The basis of the study is the analysis of such concepts as “competence”, “competence”, “sociocultural competence”. The article focuses on the definition of “educational space” in a higher educational institution, identifies the subjects of the educational space, and the conditions for the formation of sociocultural competencies at the university. The levels of formation of sociocultural competencies of students in a higher educational institution are revealed, such as: internal, academic and extracurricular. The prerequisites for the formation of sociocultural competencies are revealed and described; emphasis is placed on acquired sociocultural competencies that are formed in the process of interaction with the environment.
In conclusion, the article gives a definition of sociocultural competencies and determines the content of the process of forming sociocultural competencies in the educational space of higher education at each of the three levels.

The article is devoted to analysing the cognitive potential of projective techniques in combination with direct questions to investigate Russian students' perception of foreign countries. As part of this project, the survey instrument was tested on the basis of Samara University.

In accordance with the research methodology, the perception of foreign countries was studied by means of several projective techniques in combination with direct questions traditional for sociology. The pilot study included the study of seven foreign countries. Two projective techniques, the associative technique and the dichotomous «friend-enemy» scale, are discussed in this publication.  The study of perception of foreign countries on the basis of the dichotomous scale «friend-enemy» was conducted on four aspects: political, economic, interpersonal and tourist. The publication substantiates the constructiveness of using projective techniques in combination with traditional sociological questions, but also points out the difficulties in applying the techniques, including difficulties in interpreting the obtained data.

The article is dedicated to the problem of identifying texts generated by artificial intelligence (AI). Various methods of detecting generated texts are considered, namely machine detectors and human thinking. The conclusion is drawn that detectors are severely limited and cannot be used to verify academic integrity. Therefore, special attention is paid to the works of researchers who propose collaboration between humans and machines. Additionally, the article provides examples of recent research and methods through which scientists determine whether humans can identify the authorship of texts. In conclusion, it is suggested to use both qualitative and quantitative approaches of sociological research to seek a more reliable determination of authorship in the context of rapidly evolving technologies.

This paper analyzes the migration situation in the Samara region, the main objectives of which were to study the causes affecting migration crime. Based on the results of the conducted research, preventive measures aimed at preventing migration crime have been developed.

Keywords: migration, migration problems, migration crime, adaptation of foreign citizens.

The work reveals the scope of application of biometric solutions, the role of biometrics in the banking sector, and analyzes the risks associated with the use of biometrics. The organization of safe storage is considered based on two aspects: legal and technical. The article compares the threats of using biometrics and existing methods of preventing them; this analysis helps to identify a problem whose solution is not covered - the risk of biometrics leakage due to the fault of employees. The author proposes methods to prevent this threat. The result of the proposed solutions, with proper information to citizens, is the expansion of opportunities for all market participants.From a theoretical point of view, research on this topic will deepen the understanding of the mechanisms and principles of secure storage of biometric data and increase public awareness of the degree of security of biometric storage. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for improving secure data storage and identifying vulnerabilities in existing storage systems.

This research paper considers such institute of corporate law as quasi-corporate agreement. In the course of the study the concept of this type of contract was given, the main range of subjects of this legal relationship was given, comparison with similar in legal nature institutes of corporate law was carried out. Making a comparative analysis of these legal constructions, the author refers to the positions of scientists and judicial practice, compares with the studied phenomenon such methods of corporate control by the creditor as: pledge of shares in a business company and option to conclude a contract. In particular, the author analyses the issues of state registration of these methods, the range of protected interests of the creditor, as well as the measures applied by this participant of the obligation in case of non-performance or improper performance of the obligation by the debtor.

In this article there are the concepts of digital shadow and digital twin are studied in the legal aspect, their identity and difference are established, digital shadows and digital twins are compared with NFTs, and their relationship to objects of digital law is determined. In addition, regulations governing the legal status of digital objects were identified, and the features of assessing the status of digital twins and shadows created with the help of unmanned aircraft as objects of copyright or related law were analyzed. This allowed us to conclude that it is possible to consider such photographs, video files and digital twins and digital shadows derived from them as objects of intellectual property under certain conditions and parameters of the shooting process.

In this article there is the author's subjective point of view that the legal institution of necessary defense in the criminal law of the Russian Federation functions improperly, does not find a consistent application in judicial procedural practice and contradicts the goals and principles of criminal law of the Russian Federation established by the legislator. The author's opinion is supported by judicial statistics provided by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as an example in the form of a real case that was in the proceedings of one of the lawyers of the Chamber of Lawyers of the Samara region. In the end, the author puts forward his own initiative for a possible solution to the discovered problem, which could ensure proper enforcement of human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. 

In the course of the study, methods of analysis, statistical method, method of systematization, measurement method and others were used.

As a result of the study, it was found that the legal institution of necessary defense does not work properly and does not find proper fair application in judicial practice.

As a conclusion, an idea was proposed to improve this legal institution, which could ensure the fulfillment of human and civil rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia.

The report is devoted to the role of figurative means in V. V. Nabokov's novel "The King, the Queen, the Jack". Using the approaches of cognitive linguistics and linguopoetics, a study of V. V. Nabokov's speech-making activity is carried out to create a special artistic picture of the world, in the process of formation of which the figurative means used by the author play an important role. The interest in analyzing the tropes contained in the novel "King, Queen, Jack" lies in the fact that they act as the main means of conducting a language game, the meaning of which the reader must understand by analyzing the composition of the figurative means of the work from different sides. The main purpose of the work is to consider the essence of the language game of the novel under study, to unravel the hidden message of the author.

The work is devoted to the study of linguistic tools for creating an artistic image within the framework of a discourse in modern English-language fiction. In particular, the linguistic means of recreating the traditional cultural and historical type of vampire in the novel “Twilight” by S. Mayer are analyzed. The relevance of addressing the stated topic is dictated by the fact that this type, which has a number of traditional features, is undergoing a number of changes in the modern artistic space that influence the choice of ways to depict it. The work aims to identify the main means of creating the image of a vampire in the context of modern English-language fictional discourse. As a result of the analysis, it was established that the formation of the image of a vampire involves such components as a description of the hero’s appearance, home, actions, his speech characteristics, as well as his assessment by other characters. Finally, it is concluded that the type in question has both typical features of a vampire and unique characteristics that contradict the traditional interpretation of this image. The noted author’s innovations are due to the desire to adapt the classic image to the cultural and aesthetic needs of a modern audience.